Who is recognized as the father of modern policing?

The correct choice is August Vollmer, who is widely regarded as the father of modern policing. His contributions began in the early 20th century when he served as the chief of police in Berkeley, California. Vollmer was instrumental in implementing many progressive policing practices that laid the groundwork for contemporary law enforcement.

He advocated for the use of education and training for police officers, emphasizing the need for professionalism in law enforcement. Vollmer also pioneered the use of scientific methods in policing, including crime labs and the incorporation of technology into police work. His focus on community policing and the establishment of the first police school in the U.S. contributed significantly to the evolution of policing practices.

While the other figures listed have had notable impacts in various sectors, their contributions do not align with the significant foundational changes instigated by Vollmer in the field of modern policing.