Which theory posits that employees are inherently lazy and require close supervision to perform?

The correct answer is Theory X, which was developed by Douglas McGregor in the 1960s. This theory suggests that managers who subscribe to Theory X believe that employees are naturally unmotivated and lazy, and therefore, they need to be closely supervised and controlled in order to ensure that they complete their work. In this view, employees are seen as needing external motivation, such as threats or strict oversight, to accomplish tasks and meet organizational goals.

In contrast, Theory Y posits that employees are self-motivated, willing to take on responsibility, and capable of self-direction, requiring less oversight. Theory Z emphasizes a more holistic approach to management that fosters workplace culture and encourages long-term employment, while Theory A is not widely recognized in the context of employee motivation theories. Understanding these theories is crucial for first-line supervisors as it influences their management style and the way they interact with their team members.